Tutorials jQueryIn this chapter, we will use jQuery to apply techniques for increasing the readability, usability, and visual appeal of tables, though we are not dealing with tables used for layout and design. In fact, as the web standards movement has become more pervasive in the last few years, table-based layout has increasingly been abandoned in favor of CSS‑based designs. Although tables were often employed as a somewhat necessary stopgap measure in the 1990s to create multi-column and other complex layouts, they were never intended to be used in that way, whereas CSS is a technology expressly created for presentation.
But this is not the place for an extended discussion on the proper role of tables. Suffice it to say that in this chapter we will explore ways to display and interact with tables used as semantically marked up containers of tabular data. For a closer look at applying semantic, accessible HTML to tables, a good place to start is Roger Johansson's blog entry, Bring on the Tables at http://www.456bereastreet.com/archive/200410/bring_on_the_tables/.
Some of the techniques we apply to tables in this chapter can be found in plug‑ins such as Christian Bach's Table Sorter. For more information, visit the jQuery Plug‑in Repository at http://jquery.com/Plugins.
One of the most common tasks performed with tabular data is sorting. In a large table, being able to rearrange the information that we're looking for is invaluable. Unfortunately, this helpful operation is one of the trickiest to put into action. We can achieve the goal of sorting in two ways, namely Server-Side Sorting and JavaScript Sorting.
A common solution for data sorting is to perform it on the server side. Data in tables often comes from a database, which means that the code that pulls it out of the database can request it in a given sort order (using, for example, the SQL language's ORDER BY clause). If we have server-side code at our disposal, it is straightforward to begin with a reasonable default sort order.
Sorting is most useful when the user can determine the sort order. A common idiom is to make the headers of sortable columns into links. These links can go to the current page, but with a query string appended indicating the column to sort by:
The server can react to the query string parameter by returning the database contents in a different order.
This setup is simple, but requires a page refresh for each sort operation. As we have seen, jQuery allows us to eliminate such page refreshes by using AJAX methods. If we have the column headers set up as links as before, we can add jQuery code to change those links into AJAX requests:
Now when the anchors are clicked, jQuery sends an AJAX request to the server for the same page. We add an additional parameter to the query string so that the server can determine that an AJAX request is being made. The server code can be written to send back only the table itself, and not the surrounding page, when this parameter is present. This way we can take the response and insert it in place of the table.
This is an example of progressive enhancement. The page works perfectly well without any JavaScript at all, as the links for server-side sorting are still present. When JavaScript is present, however, the AJAX hijacks the page request and allows the sort to occur without a full page load.
